What Is an EORI Number?
An EORI number (Economic Operator Registration and Identification) is a unique reference number assigned to businesses and individuals that are involved in importing or exporting goods. In the UK, EORI numbers are issued by HMRC.
The EORI number acts as your customs identity — it links all of your import and export activity to your business and appears on every customs declaration you make.
Who Needs a UK EORI Number?
You need a UK EORI number if you:
- Import goods into the UK from any country (including the EU)
- Export goods from the UK to any country (including the EU)
- Move goods between the UK and Northern Ireland
- Are involved in customs activity on behalf of another party (as a customs agent)
The requirement applies to businesses of all sizes — from sole traders making occasional imports to large companies managing complex supply chains.
What Does a UK EORI Number Look Like?
A UK EORI number begins with GB followed by your 9-digit VAT number (if you are VAT registered) and then 000. For example: GB123456789000.
If you are not VAT registered, HMRC will assign a unique number. Non-VAT registered EORI numbers typically begin with GB followed by 12 digits.
How Do You Apply for a UK EORI Number?
Applying for a UK EORI number is free and can be done online through the HMRC website. To apply, you will need:
- Your business name and address
- Your VAT number (if applicable)
- Your business type (limited company, sole trader, partnership, etc.)
- Your company registration number (if applicable)
- Contact details
HMRC typically issues EORI numbers within 5 working days, though in some cases it can be faster.
Do You Also Need an EU EORI Number?
If your business exports goods to the EU, you may also need an EU EORI number. This is separate from your UK EORI number and is issued by the customs authority of an EU member state.
UK businesses that regularly export to the EU often register for an EU EORI number in countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium, or Germany — countries with major ports and active trade relationships with the UK.
What Happens If You Trade Without an EORI Number?
If you attempt to import or export goods without an EORI number:
- Your goods may be held at customs until an EORI number is provided
- You may face delays and storage costs at ports and airports
- In some cases, your goods may be returned to the sender
- You may receive a penalty notice from HMRC
It is far simpler to register for an EORI number before your first import or export, rather than trying to resolve a customs hold after the fact.
EORI Numbers and Customs Declarations
Every customs declaration — whether for an import or an export — must include a valid EORI number. If you use a customs agent to submit declarations on your behalf, your EORI number will still appear on the declaration as the importer or exporter of record.
Summary
An EORI number is a fundamental requirement for any UK business involved in international trade. Applying is straightforward, free, and can usually be done in minutes online. If you need guidance on the application process or on any aspect of UK customs compliance, our team is here to help.